The boat NASA Parker Solar Probe "Touched" him for the first time Helium, as he spent five hours in upper solar atmosphere, known as the crown.
Εis the first time a human construct has crossed the external limits of the Sun. and made the first direct observations of phenomena (particles, magnetic forces, etc.) for which until now only scientists could make estimates.
The Parker is the alter ego of twin boats NASA Voyager. The latter are the human constructions that have traveled farther from the Sun (and the Earth) than any other spacecraft to date, leaving behind the solar "territory", ie the area of space to which the "breath" of the Sun reaches , the solar wind. On the contrary, the Parker Solar Probe has approached the "heart" of our solar system more than any other human machine.
The achievement, which was characterized as historic by NASA, happened on April 28 2021 and it was now announced - it took a long time for the data to be obtained and thoroughly analyzed - by the scientists in a press conference at its conference American Geophysical Association (AGU) and with a relevant publication in the magazine "Physical Review Letters».
As stated by the lead researcher, professor Justin Casper of the University of Michigan, “tthe event marks the achievement of the primary goal of the Parker mission and a new era in understanding the physics of the crown».
The boat had been launched 2018 with the aim of studying the Sun at a closer distance than any other spacecraft in the past, something it has achieved after successive orbits (will do a total of 24).
His entrance to the crown, beyond the so-called "Alfven limit, At an altitude of about 13 million kilometers above the visible surface of the Sun (the photosphere), was reached during its eighth near transit through our star. The $ 1,5 billion Parker, which is, among other things, the fastest man-made object, moving at speeds in excess of 500.000 km at the moment, he has already made several important discoveries.
The crown hides a mystery that requires explanation: While in the lower photosphere, which is closer to "Heart" of the Sun., the temperature reaches about them 6.000 degrees Celsius, in its atmosphere (crown), which is higher, the temperature can reach several million degrees Celsius.
Also, inside the crown, the outflow of charged solar particles (electrons, protons and heavy ions) is suddenly accelerated and converted into the ultrasonic solar "wind", a process that is also not well understood to date.
The next step for the boat will be to go even deeper into the atmosphere of the Sun and stay there for a longer time. Finally, the 2025 Parker is scheduled to reach a distance only 6,2 million kilometers from the photosphere itself.
The information it will gather will help, among other things, to make a better prediction in the future of space weather and the magnetic "storms" caused by the Sun, which, unlike the Earth, has no solid surface at all.
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